枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1与化学杀菌剂复配对橡胶树炭疽病菌的抑菌活性

[目的]探究枯草芽孢杆菌与化学杀菌剂协同防治橡胶炭疽病的可行性,构建由生防菌与化学杀菌剂组成的菌药复配剂,为橡胶炭疽病的可持续防治提供科学依据.[方法]以6种化学杀菌剂(咪鲜胺、百菌清、根康、嘧霉胺、丙环唑和嘧菌酯)及2株菌株(枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1和橡胶胶孢炭疽菌RC178)为试验材料,采用菌丝生长速率法测定6种化学杀菌剂对RC178的室内毒力,稀释平板涂布法测定6种杀菌剂与Czk1的相容性,抑菌圈法测定Czk1对RC178的室内毒力,Horsfall法明确菌药的复配方案.[结果]室内毒力测定研究结果显示,6种杀菌剂中咪鲜胺对RC178的抑菌效果最好,其有效抑制中浓度(EC50)仅为0.0778μg/mL,其次为百菌清和根康,EC50分别为0.4694和0.4733μg/mL.化学杀菌剂与Czk1的相容性测定结果表明,嘧霉胺、嘧菌酯、丙环唑、根康和咪鲜胺与Czk1的相容性均较好,其中根康在中高浓度下还能促进Czk1菌落数量的增长.将浓度为4.75×107 CFU/mL的Czk1分别与浓度为10.4733μg/mL的根康和浓度为0.0778μg/mL的咪鲜胺混配,Czk1:根康=7:3(v/v)时对RC178抑制的增效作用最强,增效比率(IR)为1.36;Czk1:咪鲜胺=8:2(v/v)时对RC178抑制的增效作用最强,IR为1.65.[结论]枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1与咪鲜胺和根康具有较好的相容性,Czk1发酵液分别与咪鲜胺和根康复配对橡胶炭疽病菌RC178的抑菌活性具有明显增效作用,具有开发成菌药制剂的潜力.     

SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE FAMILY GENES IN WATERMELON AND THEIR RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT ABIOTIC STRESSES

• A total of 8 SOD genes from watermelon were identified and bioinformatically analyzed. • The SOD proteins from watermelon and other different plant species can be classified into five groups consistent with their metal cofactors. • ClSOD genes exhibited distinctive tissue-specific and abiotic stress responsive expression patterns. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme in the antioxidant system of plants and plays a vital role in stress responses by maintaining the dynamic balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Genome-wide analysis of the SOD gene family in various plant species has been conducted but little is known about this gene family in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Here, eight SOD genes were identified in the watermelon genome and are designated ClCSD1-5, ClFSD1-2 and ClMSD according to their metal cofactors. Phylogenetic analysis shows that SOD proteins from various plant species can be classified into five groups and members in the same group possess the same metal cofactor and similar subcellular localizations. Expression analysis of the ClSOD genes indicates that they had tissue-specific expression patterns with high expression in different tissues including the leaves, flowers and fruit. In addition, the expression of ClSOD genes differed appreciably under salinity, drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, indicating that they may be involved in ROS scavenging under different abiotic stresses via an ABA-dependent signaling pathway. These results lay the foundation for elucidating the function of ClSOD genes in stress tolerance and fruit development in watermelon.     

不同条件对色木槭种子萌发特性的影响

采用不同质量浓度的IAA和不同浸种时间处理色木槭种子,进行种子发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数测定试验.结果表明:随IAA质量浓度、浸种时间的增加,种子发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数呈先上升后下降的趋势,最适的IAA质量浓度为150 mg·L-1,最佳的浸种时间为21 h,此时的发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数分别为85％、9.6、14.4.     

Modulation of plant root traits by nitrogen and phosphate: transporters,long-distance signaling proteins and peptides,and potential artificial traps

As sessile organisms, plants rely on their roots for anchorage and uptake of water and nutrients. Plant root is an organ showing extensive morphological and metabolic plasticity in response to diverse environmental stimuli including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition/stresses. N and P are two essential macronutrients serving as not only cell structural components but also local and systemic signals triggering root acclimatory responses. Here, we mainly focused on the current advances on root responses to N and P nutrition/stresses regarding transporters as well as long-distance mobile proteins and peptides, which largely represent local and systemic regulators, respectively. Moreover, we exemplified some of the potential pitfalls in experimental design, which has been routinely adopted for decades. These commonly accepted methods may help researchers gain fundamental mechanistic insights into plant intrinsic responses, yet the output might lack strong relevance to the real situation in the context of natural and agricultural ecosystems. On this basis, we further discuss the established—and yet to be validated—improvements in experimental design, aiming at interpreting the data obtained under laboratory conditions in a more practical view.     

校园绿化植物调查及分析——以伊犁职业技术学院为例

采用实地调查法和综合分析法对伊犁职业技术学院校园绿化植物的种类、生活习性及观赏性进行调查与分析.结果表明,校园绿化植物共有30科78种,其中蔷薇科植物最多,有15种,种数在2～10种的有10个科,种数是1种的有19个科;绿化植物中乔木41种,占总数的52.6％,灌木18种,占总数的23.1％,草本17种,占总数的21.8％,藤本2种,占总数的2.6％.调查和分析结果为校园植物绿化工作和植物教学提供了理论依据.     

不同施氮水平对柳枝稷光合特性及抗旱性的影响

为了探究宁夏银北盐碱地区柳枝稷高产优质高效栽培过程中最佳的施氮量及其对柳枝稷叶片光合特性及抗旱性的影响,本研究采用大田试验,以Cave-in-Rock品种柳枝稷为供试材料,设无氮添加(0 kg·hm-2,N0)、施低氮(60 kg·hm-2,N60)、中氮(120 kg·hm-2,N120)和高氮(240 kg·hm-2,N240)共4个施氮水平,分析比较了各生育时期内柳枝稷叶片光合特性、渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性的变化,同时采用隶属函数法综合评价了盐碱地柳枝稷的抗旱性.结果表明,随着不同施氮水平的增加,柳枝稷各生育时期内叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)整体呈现先升后降的趋势,均在施中氮(N120)处理下达到峰值.与无氮添加(N0)处理相比,施低氮(N60)、中氮(N120)和高氮(N240)处理下柳枝稷叶片的SPAD值平均增加了4.73％、18.71％和8.86％,净光合速率(Pn)平均提高了5.55％、17.02％和12.41％,气孔导度(Gs)平均升高了7.87％、56.18％和39.33％,细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)平均增加了7.86％、30.71％和13.81％.柳枝稷叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)在高氮(N240)处理下达到最大值,叶片水分利用效率(WUE)随着不同施氮水平的增加而逐渐下降.隶属函数分析结果表明,施中氮(N120)处理下柳枝稷各抗旱指标隶属函数值的均值最大.因此,本试验条件下有利于提高柳枝稷叶片光合能力和抗旱性的适宜施氮水平为120 kg·hm-2.     

西藏日喀则地区牧草供需研究

本研究采用供需计算公式分析日喀则地区牧草供给量和需求量，用供需差值计算法计算牧草供给缺口，同时据此预测未来10年日喀则地区的牧草需求量及缺口，以期为促进该地区牧草产业发展提出建议。结果表明：2000-2019年，日喀则地区牧草供不应求，缺口较大，最大为222.87万t，最小为132.88万t。未来10年的牧草需求和缺口预测数据表明：日喀则牧草需求量维持在300~400万t之间，缺口虽呈逐年减小的趋势，但数值依然较大。因此，本研究从自然环境、制度政策、经济发展三个方面提出建议，为解决牧草供需矛盾提供有效依据。     

亏缺灌溉对南疆棉花生长和水分利用的影响

针对南疆地区水资源短缺、作物水分利用效率低等问题,以棉花为试验材料进行田间小区试验,在棉花现蕾期、开花期以及结铃期分别设置3个亏缺灌溉水平(W₁:50%ET_c,W₂:65%ET_c,W₃:80%ET_c,ET_c为作物蒸发蒸腾量),以全生育期100%ET_c灌溉处理为对照(CK),研究膜下滴灌条件下,不同生育期亏缺灌溉对棉花生长、产量、氮素吸收和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:现蕾期亏水对棉花株高、叶面积指数、地上干物质生长、氮素吸收和产量有不同程度的抑制效应,但复水后补偿效应显著,其中轻度亏水(W₃)在籽棉产量减少3.48%的条件下,WUE高达1.57 kg/m³,显著高于CK的1.48 kg/m³;开花期亏水,棉花的各项生长指标均有显著降低,复水后补偿效应不显著,不利于棉花生长发育;结铃期亏水对棉花地上干物质累积、氮素吸收和产量均有显著的抑制效应,但在W₂和W₃水平下,WUE均达1.51 kg/m³.综合考虑在保证棉花产量的同时达到节水增产的目的,可在棉花蕾期进行80%ET_c灌水,其他生育阶段实施充分灌溉,来控制营养生长,促进生殖生长,获得更高的水分利用效率.     

农田环境中农药残留比例型荧光传感系统研究

为监测农业环境中有机磷农药的残留，从种养源头管控农产品安全，基于锆离子和1,2,4,5-四（4-羧苯基）苯（H-4-TCPB）合成了蓝色荧光金属-有机框架材料（MOFs）Zr-TCPB，并与红色荧光量子点QDs组装成双荧光QDs@MOFs复合物，基于Zr-TCPB对有机磷农药特异性荧光淬灭效应，构建比例型荧光化学传感器系统，实现了有机磷农药的快速、灵敏、可视化检测。甲基对硫磷与对硫磷的检测限（LOD）分别为1.9μg/L和4.9μg/L，线性检测范围为0.005~2mg/L。研究表明，该荧光分析法能有效用于农业环境水样中甲基对硫磷及对硫磷的现场快速测定，甲基对硫磷回收率为93.23%~116.46%，平均相对标准偏差（RSD）为5.29%，对硫磷回收率为92.52%~107.83%，平均RSD为5.74%。该方法在环境样品农药残留快速监测方面具有巨大的应用价值。